Appositives
can cause confusion in the structure section of the TOEFL because an appositive
can be mistaken for the subject of a sentence. An appositive is a noun that
comes before or after another noun and has the same meaning.
In this example Sally is the subject of the sentence and the best student in the class can easily be recognized as an appositive phrase because of the noun student and because of the commas. The sentence says that Sally and the best student in the class are the same thing. Note that if you leave out the appositive phrase, the sentence still makes sense (Sally got an A on the exam).
The
following example shows how an appositive can be confused with the subject of a
sentence in the structure section of the TOEFL.
.... George, is attending the lecture.
(A) right
now
(B) happily
(C) because
of the time
(D) my
friend
In
this example you should recognize from the commas that George is not the
subject of the sentence. George is an appositive. Because this sentence still
needs a subject, the best answer is answer (D) my friend. Answer (A), (B), and
(C) are incorrect because they are not subjects.
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