You should
also review the following sentence patterns, because they are very common on
the TOEFL.
The woman is filling the glass that is on the table.
The glass that is on the table contains s milk.
The woman is filling the glass that she put on the
table.
The glass that she put on the table contains
milk.
In the first example, there are two clauses: in one
clause woman is the subject of the verb is filling, and in the
other clause that is the subject of the verb is. These two clauses
are joined with the connector that. Notice tha in this example the word that
serves two functions at the same time: it is the subject of the verb is and
it is the connector that joins the two clauses. Notice also that the connector that
has the same meaning as glass and that the clause that is on the
table is an adjective clause decribing the noun glass.
In the second example, there are also two clauses: in
one, clause glass is the subject of the verb contains, and in the
other clause that is the subject of the verb is. In this example that
also serves two functions: it is the subject of the verb is and it
is the connector that joins two clauses. Because that is on the table is
an adjective clause describing the noun glass, it directly follow glass.
In the third example. There are also two clauses: woman
is the subject of the verb is filing, and she is the subject of
the verb put. Notice in this example, however, that serves only
one function. It is the connector that joins the two clauses.
The
following words can be used as connectors with adjective clauses:
that which who
However, who
can be used only in the patterns shown in the first two examples.
I know the woman who is filling the glass.
The woman who is filling the glass is a
waitress,
Who must serve as both a subject and a connector. It
cannot serve as only a connector as in th next two incorrect examples.
I know the woman who*she is filling the glass
is a waitress.
NOTE: In
this website, the asterisk (*) indicates an error in a sentence.
Here is an
example of how this sentence pattern can be tested in the TOEFL.
... is on
the desk has four sections.
(A) The
notebook
(B) The
notebook which
(C) Because
the notebook
(D) In the
notebook
In this example, you should notice immediately that
the sentence has two verbs, is and has, and each of them needs a
subject. (You should know that desk is not a subject because it follows
the preposition on; desk is the object of the preposition). The
only answer that has two subjects is answer (B), so answer (B) is the correct
answer. The correct answer should say: The notebook which is on the desk has
four sections. In this sentence notebook is the subject of the verb
has, and which is the subject of the verb is. Which is also the
connector that joins the two clauses.
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